Fourier

傅利叶智能 / 上海傅利叶智能科技股份有限公司

A private robotics developer that transitioned from rehabilitation equipment into humanoid robots, building embodied-AI platforms, actuators, and manipulation data.

Private company
Profile as of September 14, 2026
Not ranked: no published revenue or market capitalisation
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Fourier has a credible technical bridge from rehabilitation robotics to human-facing humanoids, differentiating it for care and rehabilitation use cases. However, its commercial visibility is constrained by a lack of public financial disclosures, unproven unit economics, and high exposure to export controls on advanced compute.

Key figures

Revenue: Not disclosed
Revenue growth: Not disclosed
Operating margin: Not disclosed
Net income: Not disclosed
R&D spend: Not disclosed
Capital expenditure: Not disclosed
Cumulative disclosed financing Jan 2025: Nearly RMB1 billion
Latest reported valuation May 2025: RMB8 billion pre-money
ActionNet dataset size 2025: More than 30,000 teleoperated trajectories
GR-2 degrees of freedom: Up to 53

Overview

Fourier is a Shanghai-based private robotics company that transitioned from rehabilitation equipment into humanoid robots. Founded in 2015, the company supplies physical embodied-AI systems, including the GR-1, GR-2, and GR-3 humanoid robot families, as well as the open-source N1 humanoid platform. It also maintains its legacy business in rehabilitation robots and exoskeletons. Its products address rehabilitation, eldercare, research, education, industrial training, and selected factory workflows.

Fourier's structural position is that of an edge-device and enterprise-application provider. It builds the physical platforms, actuators, dexterous hands, and robot operating tools that allow AI models to interact with the physical world. Rather than developing general-purpose foundation models or cloud infrastructure, Fourier focuses on the hardware and manipulation data required for embodied AI. This positions the company as a critical enabler for researchers and enterprises looking to deploy physical AI systems in clinical, institutional, and industrial environments.

The AI angle

Fourier's AI relevance is hardware-led, focusing on embodied-AI platforms rather than foundation models or cloud infrastructure. Its primary AI product is the GR-2 humanoid platform, which features up to 53 degrees of freedom, proprietary FSA 2.0 actuators, and self-developed dexterous hands with tactile sensing. The company states that the GR-2 has experimental applications in industrial manufacturing, medical rehabilitation, academic research, and consultation.

Fourier's other direct AI asset is the ActionNet dataset. ActionNet contains more than 30,000 teleoperated bimanual-manipulation trajectories, representing about 140 hours of interaction data. Fourier releases this dataset under a creative commons license while open-sourcing the training pipeline and evaluation tools.

AI demand reaches Fourier through the growing need for embodied-AI research platforms, humanoid pilots, robot data collection, and healthcare automation. This link is direct for its GR-series and N1 sales, though the market remains early-stage and revenue exposure to AI is not publicly disclosed.

Technology and moat

Fourier's principal technical distinction is its rehabilitation-robotics base. Medical rehabilitation requires compliant actuation, body-contact safety, controlled force delivery, repeatable motion trajectories, and clinical-use reliability. These capabilities are highly relevant to humanoid robots intended to interact physically with people, particularly in rehabilitation, eldercare, and assistance settings.

The GR-2 platform combines whole-body mobility with 53 degrees of freedom, FSA 2.0 actuators, dexterous hands, and tactile sensing. While this does not make Fourier unique across the humanoid sector, it provides a more clinically relevant physical-interaction starting point than companies that begin in warehouse, logistics, or consumer robot markets.

The hard-to-copy part of Fourier's position is its accumulated know-how around human physical interaction and rehabilitation workflows. The easier-to-copy part is its general humanoid hardware architecture, where Chinese competitors can source overlapping motors, reducers, sensors, controllers, and batteries from the same regional supply base. The N1 open-source release broadens its developer ecosystem but may reduce hardware differentiation.

Five-pillar assessment

Scale and market position: A private robotics developer with public product activity but no disclosed audited revenue, unit shipments, or evidence of repeatable large-scale commercial deployment.
Technology and R&D: Differentiated by its rehabilitation-robotics heritage, compliant actuation, and the GR-2 platform's 53 degrees of freedom, alongside the ActionNet manipulation dataset.
Supply-chain centrality: Backed by Shanghai state-linked funds and Prosperity7 Ventures, with reported early deployments at SAIC, OnStar, and China Construction Bank.
Financial momentum: Strong private-funding momentum with a reported RMB8 billion pre-money valuation in May 2025, offset by unproven commercial unit economics.
Governance and quality: Founder-led private company with state-linked investors, lacking public financial disclosures, audited revenue, or transparent cap-table reporting.

Supply chain and relationships

Fourier depends on a supply chain of electric motors, reducers, encoders, batteries, sensors, compute modules, high-performance materials, and manufacturing partners. Specific upstream suppliers are not publicly disclosed, though its developer documentation references Alibaba Cloud's Wulanchabu object-storage endpoint for distributing software assets.

On the customer side, named commercial deployments are limited. Public reporting places Fourier robots in SAIC and OnStar-linked automotive factory training settings, as well as China Construction Bank's Shanghai Pudong branch. Fourier's rehabilitation systems are reported to operate internationally, but customer concentration and the share of sales from each customer are not disclosed.

The company is not a sole-source provider to cloud, chip, memory, server, or data-center supply chains, meaning its supply-chain centrality is limited to the emerging embodied-AI and rehabilitation robotics niches.

Customers

SAIC MotorReported factory training or deployment exposure
OnStarReported factory training alongside SAIC activity
China Construction BankReported lobby-manager work at Shanghai Pudong branch

Suppliers

Alibaba CloudInferredObject-storage endpoint for software-asset distribution

Partners

Runyang TechnologyProposed strategic investor

Competitors

Unitree RoboticsInferredCompetes in Chinese humanoid robot platforms
UBTECH RoboticsInferredCompetes for enterprise deployment of humanoid robots
AgiBotInferredDevelops embodied-AI humanoid platforms
GalbotInferredAddresses robot autonomy and physical manipulation
EngineAIInferredCompetes for humanoid platform and developer demand

Geopolitics and risk

Fourier faces high exposure to U.S. and allied export controls. Humanoid robots depend on advanced processors, GPUs for training, high-performance sensors, machine-vision components, and development software. Some of these critical inputs may be subject to U.S. export restrictions or licensing requirements for China-based users. Fourier's ActionNet, simulation, teleoperation, and embodied-AI training work require substantial compute capacity, and domestic alternatives may not be fully interchangeable for all model-development stacks.

As a Chinese robotics developer, Fourier also faces regional trade and cross-strait risks. Taiwan-related disruptions could affect its access to semiconductors, sensors, and electronics, even though Fourier itself does not fabricate chips.

Furthermore, its focus on healthcare and eldercare applications exposes the company to data-security regulations. Teleoperation data, hospital data, and multimodal robot-interaction data create compliance exposure under China's data-security, personal-information, and cross-border-data rules.

Risk matrix
Risk	Severity	Why it matters
U.S. and allied export controls	High	Humanoid robots depend on advanced processors and GPUs that may be subject to export restrictions.
Dependence on imported advanced compute	High	ActionNet and embodied-AI training require compute capacity where domestic alternatives may not be interchangeable.
Component supply-chain concentration	High	Actuators, reducers, and sensors can become bottlenecks without publicly disclosed supplier diversification.
Early commercial demand	High	Humanoid deployments remain dominated by pilots and lack audited revenue demonstrating repeatable unit economics.
Strong domestic competition	High	Competes with Unitree, UBTECH, AgiBot, and others for capital, talent, and supply-chain capacity.
Private-company disclosure risk	High	Investors cannot independently assess revenue quality, cash burn, or customer concentration.
Healthcare and eldercare regulation	Medium	Rehabilitation applications expose Fourier to demanding device safety and clinical-validation requirements.
Data-security regulation	Medium	Teleoperation and hospital data create compliance exposure under China's data-security rules.

Governance and ownership

Fourier is an independent private company, not a chaebol, keiretsu, or listed enterprise. Gu Jie serves as the recorded legal representative and is publicly identified as founder, chairman, and chief executive officer.

The company is not state-owned but is state-influenced, based on the participation of Shanghai government-background investment funds in its January 2025 E-series financing. These include Guoxin Investment, Pudong Venture Capital, and Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Investment. Prosperity7 Ventures, associated with Saudi Aramco, also participated in the round.

Because Fourier is private, its cap table, voting rights, board composition, shareholder agreements, and beneficial ownership percentages are not disclosed. This creates significant disclosure risk, as investors cannot independently assess revenue quality, cash burn, or customer concentration.

What to watch

Whether Fourier discloses audited revenue, margins, or order backlog following its reported May 2025 valuation.
Whether the proposed Runyang Technology investment closes and results in a disclosed ownership stake.
Whether the GR-3 enters paid deployments in hospitals or eldercare settings beyond pilots.
Whether the GR-2 and N1 generate repeatable third-party developer adoption.
Whether export controls limit access to accelerators, vision sensors, or engineering tools.
Whether ActionNet grows beyond 30,000 trajectories and sees independent adoption.

Recent developments

August 6, 2025Unveiled the GR-3 care-oriented humanoid robot aimed at companionship and healthcare.
May 27, 2025Runyang Technology disclosed a proposed investment of up to RMB300 million at a reported RMB8 billion pre-money valuation.
May 15, 2025Published a GR-2 product brochure through its resource center.
April 11, 2025Launched the N1 open-source humanoid robot and released hardware documentation.
January 7, 2025Announced a new financing round bringing cumulative E-series financing to nearly RMB800 million.
2025Expanded ActionNet as a bimanual-manipulation data resource with more than 30,000 teleoperated trajectories.

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About this profile

Compiled with AI-assisted research from company filings, market data, and published reporting as of September 14, 2026, then reviewed by AsiaAI.FYI. Figures marked Estimate are not company-reported. Check primary filings before relying on any number.

Confidence: D. Corporate product documentation and press reports exist, but audited company financial disclosures, unit economics, and ownership percentages are not public.

Main sources: Corporate product documentation; Corporate-registration data; Transaction disclosures; Chinese financial press; Robotics trade reporting.

All 53 sources

Position in the AI stack

Builds embodied-AI platforms, actuators, dexterous hands, robot operating tools, and manipulation data for clinical and institutional environments.

Legal name: Shanghai Fourier Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd.
Formerly: Fourier Intelligence
Headquarters: Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Founded: 2015
Founders: Gu Jie / 顾捷
Zen Koh
Leadership: Gu Jie / 顾捷, Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer
Ownership: Private company
Business: Embodied-AI platforms, humanoid robots, and rehabilitation equipment
Sector: Consumer Devices & IoT
Industrial Automation & Robotics
Website: fftai.com